What is Hajj and How Hajj MadeIt is necessary to fulfill many obligations to perform the pilgrimage. It is necessary to deserve it to perform this sacred worship.
The basic thing that a Muslim who will go to Hajj must do is that the money he will spend for the pilgrimage is a halal earning. A person who wants to go on pilgrimage must obtain halal earnings for this sacred duty and pay his debts, if any, and receive halalness.
The person who will go to the pilgrimage first repents and asks Allah (c.c.) for forgiveness for his sins. If there are any fatal prayers, he wrecks them as much as possible. When he leaves, he performs a two-rak'ah prayer in his house. Before going to the Mikat area, the pilgrims should cut their nails and perform the ghusl ablution by taking the necessary body cleaning in detail.
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** Mikat Area; It is the place where those who go on pilgrimage are washed, cleansed, and entered ihram before reaching Mecca. The border that a person who will perform the pilgrimage should not cross near Mecca without ihram is called the Mikat. The person who comes to the border of Mikat in Mecca must wear ihram.
The pilgrim candidate, who performs the two-rak'ah prayers and performs the necessary cleaning, sets out with his family members, friends, and relatives. The pilgrims who are on the way avoid bad words and behaviors that will hurt others both during the journey and during the pilgrimage, and they take care not to enter the right of a servant. They avoid the smallest actions and thoughts and words that will not please Allah (c.c.).
Before the pilgrims come to the Mikat area where they enter ihram (if they have not done it before), the nails are cut and the necessary cleaning is done, if possible, ghusl is taken, or ablution is taken.
1. Ihram
People who will perform pilgrimage should enter ihram before coming to the Mikat area. After the detailed body cleaning; The men take off all their clothes and wrap themselves in two pieces of veil called Izar and Rida. As long as men are in this way, their feet and heads are exposed. Women, on the other hand, do not take off their clothes while entering ihram. Normal and plainclothes are considered ihram. When women go on pilgrimage, a plain white dress and scarf are considered ihram. There is no religious obligation like men.
After entering Ihram, you can go to the Mikat area. Men and women perform the two-rak'ah ihram prayer of which the hajj is circumcised and intends on the pilgrimage; "Allahumma inni uridul pilgrimage feyessirha vetegabbelha mini." The meaning is; “God, I want to make my pilgrimage for your sake. Make my pilgrimage easy and welcome. "
The pilgrims who perform their prayers and make their intentions then bring the telbiye. After being brought to Telbiye, ihram was entered.
** Telbiye: Labbeyk Allahumme lebbeyk, lebbeyke la sherike stain lebbeyk, innelhamde ve'n-ni'mete stain ve'l mulk la sherik
2. Tawaf
After the pilgrims enter ihram, they bring Telbiye and takbirs and go to the Harem-i Sharif. When they see the Kaaba, they cut the telbah and pray with tahlil and takbirs. Then, starting from the Hacer-i Aswad stone and taking the Kaaba to the left, the shawts of the circumambulation begin. There is a prayer that should be read in every shawah, if these prayers are not memorized before, they can be read by looking at the booklets, or instead, dhikr, Salawat, and Rabbena prayers can be read.
** Shavt; It is circling the Kaaba. 7 shawts make 1 circumambulation.
After turning around the Kaaba 7 times and completing all the battles, the Kaaba has been circumambulated once and it is necessary to perform the tawaf prayer after circumambulation. It is appropriate to perform the tawaf prayer behind the Makam-ı İbrahim, but if there is no place there, this prayer can be performed at any point. After the intention of tawaf prayer, two rak'ahs are performed. So circumambulation ends
It is sunnah to drink Zamzam after tawaf. There are many places around where pilgrims can drink Zamzam. In addition to these, it is sunnah to perform circumcision without interruption. Also, whenever the opportunity is found, circumambulation can be vain.
3. Sa'y
Sa'y; literally, running means walking fast. In pilgrimage and Umrah, starting from the "Safa" hill on the east side of the Kaaba, four departures to "Merve" and three returns from Marwah to Safa, the round trip between these two hills is called sa'y.
Every departure from Safa to Marwah and every turn from Marwah to Safa is also called shawt. The walking area of approximately 400 meters between Safa and Merve is called Mesa. It is wajib to do it.
First, the Safa hill is climbed. Turning towards Hacer-ul Aswad in the Kaaba, the Kaaba is saluted and then the intention is to make a sa'y. After making the intention to sa'y on Safa hill, we walk towards Merve Hill. When the 7 shawts of Sa are completed, prayers are made from the Marwah Hill against the Kaaba.
Sa'd is one of the wajibs of hajj. Those who did not complete the number of pilgrimages before going to Arafat can make the number of pilgrimages after the visit circumambulation.
It is also suitable for sunnah to perform the hajj after shaving and leaving ihram.
4. Arafat
After the pilgrimage is done, we will cruise to Arafat on the eighth day of Dhul-Hijjah. Meanwhile, telbiye, takbir, tahlil, salawat are brought** 3rd Day of the Feast; It is the same as the second day, the grinding time is between noon and the dawn, and again, starting from the small, 7 stones are thrown to the three devils. (On the same day, when returning to Mecca from Mina, a farewell circumambulation can be made)
It is wajib to throw stones that cannot be thrown in time until the sun goes down on the fourth day of the eid.
it is prayed a lot. Later, we arrive in Arafat and settle in the tents there. The pilgrims here pray until noon, recite the Quran, prayer, chant, and glorify.
The pilgrims perform their noon and afternoon prayers here with the congregation at noon. This is called Cem-i Takdim. In the afternoon, it is done to the foundation; pilgrims spend time and worship in Arafat until the evening prayer on the day of Arafah.
Then we will cruise to Muzdalifah before the evening prayer.
5. Muzdalifa
After coming to Muzdalifah in Arafat, the night prayer is performed first, and then the night prayer is performed when the nighttime comes. Performing the evening and night prayers performed together in the museum is called Cem-i Tehir.
Pilgrims candidates dhikr, prayers and prayers again make the Muzdalifah foundation. At the same time, pilgrims collect stones that they will use to stone the devil in Muzdalifah.
After Muzdalifah, we go to Mina.
6. Mina and the Devil Stoning
Mina; Satan is the place where things like stoning, sacrificing, and accommodation on feast days are done.
Throwing stones into three stone clusters called "great devil-Aqaba community", "middle devil-middle community" and "little devil-little congregation" in Mina on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th days of the feast is among the wajibs of the pilgrimage.
On the first day of the feast, 7 stones are thrown to the great devil, and on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th days, a total of 21 stones are thrown to every three devils. Satan grinding is done from small to large. However, if you do not stay in Mina, it is not necessary to throw stones on the fourth day of the festival, since usually the fourth day of the feast is not held in Mina, the stones are not thrown on this 4th day.
** 1st Day of the Feast; grinding time starts from midnight and continues until dawn on the second day of the festival. 7 stones are thrown to the Aqaba Jamres (Great Devil). (The sacrifice is sacrificed today and after shaving the same day and leaving ihram, the Kaaba is circumambulated by going to Mecca for the Visit Tawaf.)
** 2nd Day of the Feast; Grinding starts when the sun reaches its peak at noon and turns west, and continues until dawn at night. Starting with the little devil, a total of 21 stones are thrown from 7 to every three devils.
** 3rd Day of the Feast; It is the same as the second day, the grinding time is between noon and the dawn, and again, starting from the small, 7 stones are thrown to the three devils. (On the same day, when returning to Mecca from Mina, a farewell circumambulation can be made)
7. A Sacrifice of the Hajj
What is appropriate for sunnah is that the sacrifice of pilgrimage is slaughtered after throwing stones at the great devil.
The pilgrimage is sacrificed within the boundaries of the Harem Region from the dawn of dawn on the first day of the eid. Pilgrims usually slaughter their victims on the 4th day of Eid after the devil stoned, there is no harm in that.
Anyone, including the owner, can eat the meat of the pilgrimage.
8. Shaving and Getting Out of Ihram:
On the first day of the feast, after the stone is thrown to the great devil and the sacrifice is sacrificed, the ihram is exited by shaving. Although what is suitable for sunnah is to throw stones first to the Great Devil, then to sacrifice a sacrifice, then to shave and get out of ihram, it is possible to shave before throwing stones or slaughtering a sacrifice.
Visiting attitude
Visit circumambulation is one of the fards of hajj. It is one of the two pillars of hajj. This is also called "ifada circumambulation".
The time of visiting circumambulation starts from midnight on the first day of Eid and continues until the end of his life. In practice, visiting circumambulation is done after shaving and leaving ihram.
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