Clinical And Translational Research Assignment Help

In the T1 phase research, T1 research refers to the "bench-to-bed" enterprise that transforms basic scientific knowledge into the development process of new therapies, and T2 research refers to the conversion of clinical trial results into daily practice.

T1 translation research is the laboratory's research on humans, applying basic scientific research to human subjects, and transferring discoveries and knowledge to preliminary clinical tests. It is mechanism-oriented clinical research, which may include laboratory research aimed at clarifying the mechanism of disease; formulating measures or signs of disease existence, severity, or improvement; and developing drugs, equipment, or interventions to treat disease or improve health Measures.

Clinical research includes human research, such as surveys, cross-sectional studies, case series, case-control studies, cohort studies, human priors, proof of principle, health care service research, and clinical trials.

T2 translational research implementation evidence, focusing on practical research, dissemination, and implementation of best practices for prevention and treatment in the community. T2 research includes identifying the community, patients, physicians, and organizational factors that are barriers and promoters of translation; formulating new interventions and implementation strategies to improve translation quality improvement programs or policies; and evaluating the impact of strategies on the translation of related health behaviors and nursing processes influences.

Clinical research is the process of using research to answer specific health questions. This may involve observational studies that study health problems in a large population or clinical trials that try to answer specific questions about drugs, devices, treatments, diet, physical activity, or other interventions to determine whether they are safe and effective. Translation research transforms scientific discoveries found in the laboratory into methods to prevent, diagnose, or treat diseases.

Clinical research

NIH defines human clinical research as research with human subjects, namely: (1) Patient-oriented research. Researchers (or colleagues) conduct research with human subjects (or human materials such as tissues, specimens, and cognitive phenomena). Excluded from this definition are in vitro studies that use human tissues that cannot be connected to living individuals. Patient-oriented research includes: (a) human disease mechanisms, (b) therapeutic interventions, (c) clinical trials, or (d) development of new technologies. (2) Epidemiology and behavioral research. (3) Research on results and health services. Note: "Exemption 4" studies for human subjects are not considered clinical studies by this definition.

The goal of the clinical and translational research program is to train clinicians and basic scientists, expand basic scientific research into the clinical field, and ultimately lead to the improvement of personal and population health. By transforming basic research into improved clinical results, researchers and clinicians can provide patients with new treatments more effectively and quickly.

There are two educational programs for clinical and translational research: the Master of Science (ScM) in CTR and the click-through certificate program.

According to data from the American Cancer Society, basic science involves laboratory research and lays the foundation for clinical research. 2 As one cancer center pointed out, basic science needs to collect knowledge that is essential for patient care application discovery. 3 However, In 1945, when the director of the US Office of Scientific Research and Development proposed to establish the National Science Foundation, he made the following distinction between basic research and applied research:

Conduct basic research without considering the actual purpose. It leads to general knowledge and understanding of nature and its laws. This general knowledge provides the means to answer a large number of important practical questions, although it may not give any specific answers. The function of applied research is to provide such a complete answer

Therefore, the NSF definition determines that the main goal of basic research is to acquire knowledge without the obligation to apply it to practical purposes.

Basic research training is widespread in medical schools. Through doctoral programs in disciplines such as biomedicine, computational biology, and neuroscience, the field of basic science has become very mature. The capabilities of basic sciences are clearly defined to effectively carry out and evaluate educational programs. Approximately 60% of the NIH budget is used for basic research, and most basic research funds are given to Ph.D. students

Definition of clinical research

In 1997, the NIH Director Clinical Research Group released the following three-part clinical research definitions:

Patient-oriented research. Researchers (or colleagues) conduct research with human subjects (or human materials such as tissues, specimens, and cognitive phenomena). Excluded from this definition are in vitro studies that use human tissues that cannot be connected to living individuals. Patient-oriented research includes: (a) human disease mechanisms, (b) therapeutic interventions, (c) clinical trials, or (d) development of new technologies.

Achievement research and health service research

In 1998, NIH launched the Clinical Research Course Award to "improve the quality of clinical research training." 7 This award has funded more than 50 training programs, many of which grant clinical research degrees.

The definition of NIH clinical research has been widely accepted by institutions and programs, providing a common foundation for NIH-funded clinical research training programs. This definition facilitates cross-planning efforts to determine core competencies, best practices, and meaningful outcomes related to extensive clinical research training. This in turn enables program evaluators to develop useful evaluation indicators to record the success of the training program.

Today, about 30% of the NIH budget is used for clinical research.5 However, some people believe that this figure includes research on animal models, in which case the actual support for clinical research will be much less.

Although the Medline search showed that the term translation research appeared as early as 1993, the term was relatively rare in the medical literature in the 1990s, and most references involved cancer research. At that time, the literature on cancer tended to use the term translational research to refer to work that spans different types of research (for example, immunological research that spans basic and clinical research) or interdisciplinary work in specific types of research (for example, laboratory research involving Molecular genetics and immunology). Today’s literature includes numerous attempts to define the term

In the recent announcement on applying for CTSA, NIH provided the following definitions:

Translation studies include two translation fields. One is the process of discovering human trials and research during laboratory research and preclinical research. The second area of ​​translation involves research aimed at strengthening the adoption of best practices in the community. The cost-effectiveness of prevention and treatment strategies is also an important part of translation science


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Kelli Rose Joined: December 29th, 2020